Usern_member

Wenju Cai

USERN Advisory Board

Biography


Dr Wenju Cai, a Chief Research Scientist, an Office of Chief Executive Science Leader at CSIRO, and Director of Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research, specialises in research into global climate variability and change. With over 25 years of research and leadership experience, his interest spans from dynamics of modes of climate variability (such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean Dipole) and their mechanisms, to climate change detection and attribution, through to impacts of individual forcing factors of increasing carbon dioxide, increasing anthropogenic aerosols, and stratospheric ozone depletion. His sustained science achievement has had major influence on research directions of a large body of work. His service to science communities includes a contributing authorship to IPCC reports, co-Chair of World Climate Research Programme CLIVAR Pacific Panel during 2009 – 2015, a member of the CLIVAR Scientific Steering Group (2016-2018) and its co-Chair (2019-ongoing). He specialises in conceptual nonlinear frameworks for extreme El Niño and extreme La Niña, and the IOD, uncovering nonlinearity in the dynamics and impact. These have resulted in the projection of increased frequency of these extremes under greenhouse warming. Cai has elucidated the dynamics of major modes of Southern Hemisphere ocean-atmosphere variability and change, including the role of Antarctic ozone depletion, increasing CO2 and the associated ocean circulation changes. In 2020, Cai was elected as Fellow of the Australian Academy Science.


 


Academic Qualifications



  • 1993          PhD, Physical Oceanography Flinders University, Australia

  • 1986          MSc, Physical Oceanography Amoy University, China PR

  • 1983          BSc, Physics Amoy University, China PR


 


Professional Experiences



  • 2017-Present


Director Centre for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research



  • 2014-Present


Chief Research Scientist CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere



  • 2014-2016


Research Director CSIRO Earth System Assessment Program



  • 2011-Present


Office of Chief Executive Science Leader CSIRO



  • 2011-2014


Theme Leader, Ocean Process Pacific-Australia Climate Change Science and Adaptation Programme



  • 2008-2014


Stream Leader, Ocean Climate Characterization and Prediction CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship



  • 2007-2014


Senior Principal Research Scientist CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research



  • 2004-2008


Deputy Stream Leader, Climate Applications, Prediction of Ocean and Weather CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship



  • 2004-2008


Stream Leader, Climate and Water CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country Flagship



  • 2003-2007


Principal Research Scientist CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research



  • 1997-2003


Senior Research Scientist CSIRO Atmospheric Research



  • 1997-1997


Foreign Specialist, Institute for Earth Sciences and Disaster Prevention (Feb. - March) Japan Meteorological Agency, Japan



  • 1994-1997


Research Scientist CSIRO Atmospheric Research



  • 1993-1994


Research Fellow, Canadian World Ocean Circulation Experiment Centre University of Newfoundland



  • 1990-1993


Experimental Scientist CSIRO Atmospheric Research


 


Achievements and Awards



  • 2020-2020


Fellow Australian Academy of Science



  • 2019-2019


Highly Cited Researcher (< 1%) Clarivate Web of Science



  • 2019-2019


Ocean Science Distinguished Lecture Asian Oceanic Geophysical Society



  • 2016-2016


50th Anniversary Convocation Medal Flinders University, South Australia



  • 2015-2015


China National Ocean Science and Technology Award China State Ocean Administration



  • 2012-2012


Green Card Professor award (highest honour for overseas Chinese scholar) Ocean University of China



  • 2011-2011


OCE Science Leader award CSIRO



  • 2008-2008


Look Out! CSIRO Strategic Excellence Award (as part of Climate Change Australia Team) CSIRO



  • 2008-2008


Best Science Communicator award CSIRO



  • 2007-2007


Nobel Peace Prize Contributing author to IPCC AR4 report for which IPCC was awarded the Prize


 


Other highlights



  • 2017-Present


Founding Director of the Centre for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research (CSHOR), with a budget of $20m over 5 years. CSHOR is a long-term research collaboration between Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (QNLM) in China and CSIRO, together with CSHOR Australian partners, the University of New South Wales and University of Tasmania.



  • 2014-2016


As Director, CSIRO Earth System Assessment Program, leading negotiations with Universities and the Bureau of Meteorology to secure CSIRO’s Hub leadership in Earth System and Climate Change of the National Environmental Science Programme (~$25m over five years, 2016-2021).



  • 2010-2013


Contributing author to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report, writing four sections in Chapter 14 of Working Group II.



  • 2009-Present


As co-Chair of CLIVAR Pacific implementation panel, and member of the CLIVAR El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Research Focus, leading international research on ENSO, and a CLIVAR ENSO workshop series.



  • 2009-2015


As co-Chair of CLIVAR Pacific implementation panel, and member of the CLIVAR Indonesian Throughflow Task team, leading and coordinating multi-national and multi-institutional Northwest Pacific Ocean Circulation and Climate experiment (NPOCE), and South Pacific Ocean Circulation and Climate Experiment (SPICE), with over $200m investment in western boundary current research.



  • 2005-2006


Lead investigator of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project on simulation of the Southern Hemispheric circulation in IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) models, leading to invitation by IPCC working Group 1 as a contributing author on Southern Hemisphere circulation change.


 


 


Publications



We have 330 publications by Dr Wenju Cai



Ng, Benjamin; Cai, Wenju; Cowan, Tim; Bi, Dave. Impacts of low-frequency internal climate variability and greenhouse warming on the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. Journal of Climate. 2021; 34(6):2205-2218. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0232.1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP207861



Cai, Wenju; Yang, Kai; Wu, Lixin; Huang, Gang; Santoso, Agus; Ng, Benjamin; et al. Opposite response of strong and moderate positive Indian Ocean Dipole to global warming. Nature Climate Change. 2021; 11:27-32. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00943-1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP205224



Li, Shujun; Cai, Wenju; Wu, Lixin. Attenuated interannual variability of austral winter Antarctic sea ice over recent decades. Geophysical Research Letters. 2020; 47(22 1):e2020GL090590. http://hdl.handle.net/102.100.100/392382?index=1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP207628



Wang, Guojian; Cai, Wenju. Two-year consecutive concurrences of positive Indian Ocean Dipole and Central Pacific El Niño preconditioned the 2019/2020 Australian “black summer” bushfires. Geoscience Letters. 2020; 7:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-020-00168-2 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP207645



Wang, Guojian; Cai, Wenju; Yang, Kai; Ng, Benjamin; Zheng, Xiao-Tong; Li, Ziguang. Response of the Indian Ocean Dipole to climate change and impact on Indian summer monsoon rainfall. In: Jasti S. Chowdary, Anant Parekh, C. Gnanaseelan, editor/s. Indian Summer Monsoon Variability. Elsevier; 2020. 19. http://hdl.handle.net/102.100.100/392255?index=1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP206586



McPhaden, Michael; Santoso, Agus; Cai, Wenju. Introduction to El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate. In: Michael J. McPhaden, Agus Santoso, Wenju Cai, editor/s. El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate. John Wiley and Sons; 2020. 1-19. http://hdl.handle.net/102.100.100/392662?index=1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP21297



Karamperidou, Christina; Stuecker, Malte; Timmermann, Axel; Yun, Kyung-Sook; Lee, Sun-Seon; Jin, Fei-Fei; et al. ENSO in a Changing Climate: Challenges, Paleo‐Perspectives, and Outlook. In: Michael J. McPhaden, Agus Santoso, Wenju Cai, editor/s. El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate. John Wiley and Sons; 2020. 471-484. http://hdl.handle.net/102.100.100/392661?index=1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP21296



Cai, Wenju; Santoso, Agus; Wang, Guojian; Wu, Lixin; Collins, Matt; Lengaigne, Matthieu; et al. ENSO Response to Greenhouse Forcing. In: Michael J. McPhaden, Agus Santoso, Wenju Cai, editor/s. El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate. John Wiley and Sons; 2020. 289-307. http://hdl.handle.net/102.100.100/392660?index=1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP21295



McPhaden, Michael; Santoso, Agus; Cai, Wenju, editors. El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate. John Wiley and Sons; 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/102.100.100/392659?index=1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP21292



Wang, Guojian; Cai, Wenju; Yang, Kai; Santoso, Agus; Yamagata, Toshio. A unique feature of the 2019 extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole event. Geophysical Research Letters. 2020; 47(18 GRL):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088615 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP203935



Ng, Benjamin; Cai, Wenju; Cowan, Tim; Bi, Dave. Impacts of low-frequency internal climate variability and greenhouse warming on the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. Journal of Climate. 2021; 34(6):2205-2218. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0232.1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP207861



Cai, Wenju; Yang, Kai; Wu, Lixin; Huang, Gang; Santoso, Agus; Ng, Benjamin; et al. Opposite response of strong and moderate positive Indian Ocean Dipole to global warming. Nature Climate Change. 2021; 11:27-32. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00943-1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP205224



Li, Shujun; Cai, Wenju; Wu, Lixin. Attenuated interannual variability of austral winter Antarctic sea ice over recent decades. Geophysical Research Letters. 2020; 47(22 1):e2020GL090590. http://hdl.handle.net/102.100.100/392382?index=1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP207628



Wang, Guojian; Cai, Wenju. Two-year consecutive concurrences of positive Indian Ocean Dipole and Central Pacific El Niño preconditioned the 2019/2020 Australian “black summer” bushfires. Geoscience Letters. 2020; 7:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-020-00168-2 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP207645



Wang, Guojian; Cai, Wenju; Yang, Kai; Ng, Benjamin; Zheng, Xiao-Tong; Li, Ziguang. Response of the Indian Ocean Dipole to climate change and impact on Indian summer monsoon rainfall. In: Jasti S. Chowdary, Anant Parekh, C. Gnanaseelan, editor/s. Indian Summer Monsoon Variability. Elsevier; 2020. 19. http://hdl.handle.net/102.100.100/392255?index=1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP206586



McPhaden, Michael; Santoso, Agus; Cai, Wenju. Introduction to El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate. In: Michael J. McPhaden, Agus Santoso, Wenju Cai, editor/s. El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate. John Wiley and Sons; 2020. 1-19. http://hdl.handle.net/102.100.100/392662?index=1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP21297



Karamperidou, Christina; Stuecker, Malte; Timmermann, Axel; Yun, Kyung-Sook; Lee, Sun-Seon; Jin, Fei-Fei; et al. ENSO in a Changing Climate: Challenges, Paleo‐Perspectives, and Outlook. In: Michael J. McPhaden, Agus Santoso, Wenju Cai, editor/s. El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate. John Wiley and Sons; 2020. 471-484. http://hdl.handle.net/102.100.100/392661?index=1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP21296



Cai, Wenju; Santoso, Agus; Wang, Guojian; Wu, Lixin; Collins, Matt; Lengaigne, Matthieu; et al. ENSO Response to Greenhouse Forcing. In: Michael J. McPhaden, Agus Santoso, Wenju Cai, editor/s. El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate. John Wiley and Sons; 2020. 289-307. http://hdl.handle.net/102.100.100/392660?index=1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP21295



McPhaden, Michael; Santoso, Agus; Cai, Wenju, editors. El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate. John Wiley and Sons; 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/102.100.100/392659?index=1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP21292



Wang, Guojian; Cai, Wenju; Yang, Kai; Santoso, Agus; Yamagata, Toshio. A unique feature of the 2019 extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole event. Geophysical Research Letters. 2020; 47(18 GRL):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088615 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP203935



Cai, Wenju; Ng, Benjamin; Geng, Tao; Wu, Lixin; Santoso, Agus; McPhaden, Michael. Butterfly effect and a self-modulating El Niño response to global warming. Nature. 2020; 585(7823):68-73. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2641-x Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP202802



Yang, Kai; Cai, Wenju; Huang, Gang; Wang, Guojian; Ng, Benjamin; Li, Shujun. Oceanic Processes in Ocean Temperature Products Key to a Realistic Presentation of Positive Indian Ocean Dipole Nonlinearity. Geophysical Research Letters. 2020; 47(16):e2020GL089396. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089396 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP207441



Geng, Tao; Cai, Wenju; Wu, Lixin. Two Types of ENSO Varying in Tandem Facilitated by Nonlinear Atmospheric Convection. Geophysical Research Letters. 2020; 47(15 -):e2020GL088784. http://hdl.handle.net/102.100.100/376097?index=1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP207437



McKenna, Sebastian; Santoso, Agus; Sen Gupta, Alex; Taschetto, Andrea; Cai, Wenju. Indian Ocean Dipole in CMIP5 and CMIP6 Characteristics, biases, and links to ENSO. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10(1 -):11500. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68268-9 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP207439



Cai, Wenju; McPhaden, Michael; Grimm, Alice; Rodrigues, Regina; Taschetto, Andrea; Garreaud, R.; et al. Climate impacts of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation on South America. Nature reviews earth & environment. 2020; 1:215–231. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0040-3 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP202540



Hu, Shijian; Sprintall, Janet; Guan, Cong; McPhaden, Michael; Wang, Fan; Hu, Dunxin; et al. Deep-reaching acceleration of global mean ocean circulation over the past two decades. Science Advances. 2020; 6(6):eaax7727. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax7727 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP202733



Carreric, Aude; Dewitte, Boris; Cai, Wenju; Capotondi, Antonietta; Takahashi, K; Yeh, Sang-Wook; et al. Change in strong Eastern Pacific El Nino events dynamics in the warming climate. Climate Dynamics. 2020; 54(- -):901-918. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-05036-0 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP202965



Li, Shujun; Wu, Lixin; Yang, Yun; Geng, Tao; Cai, Wenju; Gan, Bolan; et al. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation less predictable under greenhouse warming. Nature Climate Change. 2020; 10:30-34. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0663-x Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP197690



Zhong, Wenxiu; Cai, Wenju; Zheng, Xiao-Tong; Yang, Song. Unusual Anomaly Pattern of the 2015/2016 Extreme El Nino induced by the 2014 Warm Condition. Geophysical Research Letters. 2019; 46(24 -):14772-14781. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085681 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP202974



Wang, Guojian; Cai, Wenju; Santoso, Agus. Stronger increase in the frequency of extreme convective El Niño than extreme warm El Niño under greenhouse warming. Journal of Climate. 2019; 33:675-690. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0376.1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP197686



Wang, Bin; Luo, Xiao; Yang, Young-Min; Sun, Weiyi; Cane, Mark; Cai, Wenju; et al. Historical change of El Niño properties sheds light on future changes of extreme El Niño. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2019; 116(45 -):22512-22517. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911130116 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP202986



van Rensch, Peter; Arblaster, Julie; Gallant, Ailie; Cai, Wenju; Nicholls, Neville; Durack, Paul. Mechanisms causing east Australian spring rainfall differences between three strong El Niño events. Climate Dynamics. 2019; 53:3641–3659. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04732-1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP202991



Tan, Liangcheng; Shen, Chuan-Chou; Chawchai, Sakonvan; Edwards, R. Lawrence; Cai, Yanjun; Breitenbach, Sebastian; et al. Rainfall variations in central Indo-Pacific over the past 2700 y. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2019; 116(35 -):17201-17206. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1903167116 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP202988



Jia, Fan; Cai, Wenju; Wu, Lixin; Gan, Bolan; Wang, Guojian; Kucharski, Fred; et al. Weakening Atlantic Niño-Pacific connection under greenhouse warming. Science Advances. 2019; 5(8):eaax4111. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax4111 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP192693



Stammer, Detlef; Bracco, Annalisa; AchutaRao, K M; Beal, Lisa; Bindoff, Nathan; Bracconet, Pascale; et al. Ocean Climate Observing Requirements in Support of Climate Research and Climate Information. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2019; 6(- -):444. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00444 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP185549



Jo, Hyun Su; Yeh, Sang-Wook; Cai, Wenju. An episodic weakening in boreal spring SST-precipitation relationship in the western tropical Pacific since late-1990s. Journal of Climate. 2019; 32:3837-3845. http://hdl.handle.net/102.100.100/142829?index=1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP192563



Wang, Qiang; Cai, Wenju; Zhong, Wenxiu; Zeng, Li Li; Wu, Lixin; Wang, Dongxiao. Response of southern China winter rainfall to El Niño diversity and its relevance to projected southern China rainfall change. Journal of Climate. 2019; 32(- -):3343-3356. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0571.1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP202992



Liu, Yu; Cai, Wenju; Sun, Changfeng; Song, Huiming; Cobb, Kim; Li, Jianping; et al. Anthropogenic Aerosols Cause Recent Pronounced Weakening of Asian Summer Monsoon Relative to Last Four Centuries. Geophysical Research Letters. 2019; 46(10 -):5469-5479. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082497 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP202967



Kamruzzaman, Mohammad; Beecham, Simon; Metcalfe, Andrew; Cai, Wenju. Granger causal predictors for maximum rainfall in Australia. Atmospheric Research. 2019; 218:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.11.006 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP191822



  • Pan-tropical climate interactions 

    • PUBLISHED: 2019-03-01

    • PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL ARTICLE

    • ACCESS: PUBLIC

    • DOI: HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1126/SCIENCE.AAV4236

    • RECORD IDENTIFIER: CSIRO:EP189593




Cai, Wenju; Wu, Lixin; Lengaigne, Matthieu; Li, Tim; McGregor, Shayne; Kug, Jong-Seong; et al. Pan-tropical climate interactions. Science. 2019; 363(6430):eaav4236. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav4236 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP189593



Zheng, Xiao-Tong; Hui, Chang; Xie, Shang-Ping; Cai, Wenju; Long, Shang‐Min. Intensification of El Niño Rainfall Variability Over the Tropical Pacific in the Slow Oceanic Response to Global Warming. Geophysical Research Letters. 2019; 46(4 -):2253-2260. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL081414 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP203002



Zhang Ge; Gao, Yang; Cai, Wenju; Leung, L. Ruby; Wang, Shuxiao; Zhao, Bin; et al. Seesaw haze pollution in North China modulated by the sub-seasonal variability of atmospheric circulation. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2019; 19(1 -):565-576. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-565-2019 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP191825



Stuecker, Malte; Bitz, Cecilia; Armour, Kyle; Proistosescu, Cristian; Kang, Sarah; Xie, Shang-Ping; et al. Polar amplification dominated by local forcing and feedbacks. Nature Climate Change. 2018; 8(12):1076-1082. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0339-y Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP191959



Cai, Wenju; Wang, Guojian; Dewitte, Boris; Wu, Lixin; Santoso, Agus; Takahashi, K; et al. Increased variability of Eastern Pacific El Niño under greenhouse warming. Nature. 2018; 564(7735):201-206. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0776-9 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP188062



Zhang, Lianyi; Du, Yan; Cai, Wenju. A spurious positive Indian Ocean Dipole in 2017. Science Bulletin. 2018; 63(18):1170-1172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2018.08.001 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP191830



Ng, Benjamin; Cai, Wenju; Cowan, Tim; Bi, Dave. Influence of internal climate variability on Indian Ocean Dipole properties. Scientific Reports. 2018; 8:13500. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31842-3 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP183391



Timmermann, Axel; An, Soon-Il; Kug, Jong-Seong; Jin, Fei-Fei; Cai, Wenju; Capotondi, Antonietta; et al. El Niño-Southern Oscillation Complexity. Nature. 2018; 559:535-545. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0252-6 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP185675



Ham, Yoo-Geun; Kug, Jong-Seong; Yang, Woo-Hyun; Cai, Wenju. Future Changes in Extreme El Niño Events Modulated by North Tropical Atlantic Variability. Geophysical Research Letters. 2018; 45(13 -):6646-6653. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078085 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP203004



Wang, Qiang; Cai, Wenju; Zeng, Li Li; Wang, Dongxiao. Nonlinear Meridional Moisture Advection and the ENSO-Southern China Rainfall Teleconnection. Geophysical Research Letters. 2018; 45(9):4353-4360. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077446 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP191933



Zhang, Li; Gan, Bolan; Wu, Lixin; Cai, Wenju; Ma, Hao. Seasonal Dependence of Coupling between Storm Tracks and Sea Surface Temperature in the Southern Hemisphere Midlatitudes: A Statistical Assessment. Journal of Climate. 2018; 31(10 -):4055-4074. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0196.1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP191964



Cai, Wenju; Wang, Guojian; Gan, Bolan; Wu, Lixin; Santoso, Agus; Lin, Xiaopei; et al. Stabilised frequency of extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole under 1.5 °C warming target. Nature Communications. 2018; 9:Article 1419. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03789-6 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP178260



Purich, Ariaan; England, Matthew; Cai, Wenju; Sullivan, Arnold; Durack, Paul. Impacts of Broad-Scale Surface Freshening of the Southern Ocean in a Coupled Climate Model. Journal of Climate. 2018; 31(- -):2613-2632. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0092.1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP183164



Yeh, Sang-Wook; Cai, Wenju; Min, Seung-Ki; McPhaden, Michael; Dommenget, Dietmar; Dewitte, Boris; et al. ENSO Atmospheric Teleconnections and Their Response to Greenhouse Gas Forcing. Reviews of Geophysics. 2018; 56(1 -):185-206. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017RG000568 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP203005



Li, Ke; Liao, Hong; Cai, Wenju; Yang, Yang. Attribution of Anthropogenic Influence on Atmospheric Patterns Conducive to Recent Most Severe Haze Over Eastern China. Geophysical Research Letters. 2018; 45(- -):2072-2081. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076570 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP184817



Zhang, Lianyi; Du, Yan; Cai, Wenju. Low-Frequency Variability and the Unusual Indian Ocean Dipole Events in 2015 and 2016. Geophysical Research Letters. 2018; 45:1040-1048. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076003 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP184087



Santoso, Agus; McPhaden, Michael; Cai, Wenju. The Defining Characteristics of ENSO Extremes and the Strong 2015/2016 El Niño. Reviews of Geophysics. 2017; 55(4 -):1079-1129. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017RG000560 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP203006



Cai, Wenju; Wang, Guojian; Santoso, Agus; Lin, Xiaopei; Wu, Lixin. Definition of extreme El Niño and its impact on projected increase in extreme El Niño frequency. Geophysical Research Letters. 2017; 44(11 -):11,184-11,190. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075635 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP178257



Zhong, Wenxiu; Zheng, Xiao-Tong; Cai, Wenju. A decadal tropical Pacific condition unfavorable to central Pacific El Niño. Geophysical Research Letters. 2017; 44(15 -):7919-7926. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073846 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP207440



Wang, Guojian; Cai, Wenju; Gan, Bolan; Wu, Lixin; Santoso, Agus; McPhaden, Michael; et al. Continued increase of extreme El Niño frequency long after 1.5˚C warming stabilization. Nature Climate Change. 2017; 7(7):568–572. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3351 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP172025



Li, Ziguang; Lin, Xiaopei; Cai, Wenju. Realism of modelled Indian summer monsoon correlation with the tropical Indo-Pacific affects projected monsoon changes. Scientific Reports. 2017; 7:Article 4929. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05225-z Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP203007



Wang, Guojian; Cai, Wenju; Santoso, Agus. Assessing the impact of model biases on projected increase in frequency of extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole events. Journal of Climate. 2017; 30(n/a n/a):2757-2767. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0509.1 Access: Public Record Identifier: csiro:EP165842


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