Lisa Levin

Biography

Lisa Levin is Distinguished Professor at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, California, and was Director of the Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation and Oliver Chair from 2011-2017.

Levin is a marine ecologist who studies benthic ecosystems in the deep sea and shallow water. Together with her students, she has worked with a broad range of taxa, from microbes and microalgae to invertebrates, fishes and whales. Her recent research has emphasized 3 major themes: (1) the structure, function and vulnerability of continental margin ecosystems, particularly those subject to oxygen and sulfide stress, ocean acidification and deoxygenation; (2) wetland biotic interactions as they mediate marsh function, invasion and restoration; and (3) larval ecology of coastal marine populations with emphasis on connectivity. Levin has participated in over 45 oceanographic expeditions around the world and served as Chief Scientist on about a third of these.

Levin is the author or co-author of more than 275 scientific publications, with over 30,000 citations. She is currently an Associate Editor of Science Advances, and has served as North American editor of the journal Marine Ecology, as founding editorial board member of the Annual Reviews of Marine Science, as past contributing editor for Limnology and Oceanography and Marine Ecology Progress Series, and has edited 5 special volumes on aspects of deep-sea biodiversity.

Dr. Levin is a ‘Fellow of the Association’ of AAAS in Biological Sciences. a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union, and served as Pogo Visiting Professor in Namibia and South Africa. For many years she served on the San Diego Wetlands Advisory Board, the San Diego Bay Technical Advisory panel, and as faculty manager of the UC San Diego Kendall Frost Marsh Reserve.

Dr. Levin is founder and co-lead of the Deep-Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI), which seeks to integrate science, technology, policy, law and economics to advise on ecosystem-based management of resource use in the deep ocean and strategies to maintain the integrity of deep-ocean ecosystems within and beyond national jurisdictions. She co-leads the DOSI climate working group, bringing climate science to policy makers and raising awareness about climate change in the deep ocean. Levin’s involvement in this arena includes authorship on the IPCC AR 5 and SR6 and the IPCC Special Report on The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, and attendance at the past 5 UNFCCC COPs. Levin is currently working to mainstream climate change considerations into management of deep-sea mineral and fisheries resources and into conservation of biodiversity.

She also helped establish and co-leads the Deep Ocean Observing Strategy (DOOS), a program within the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) which aims to coordinate deep ocean-observing to address needs of climate science and society.

Levin was awarded the American Association of Limnology and Oceanography’s Redfield Lifetime Achievement Award in 2018 and the Prince Albert I Grand Medal in Ocean Science in 2019.

Degrees

B.S., Radcliffe College

PhD, UC San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Research Interests

• Influence of ocean deoxygenation and ocean acidification on upwelling ecosystems


• Wetland structure and function: invasion, restoration, and water re-use


• Biodiversity of deep-sea methane seeps and oxygen minimum zones


• Connectivity in coastal ecosystems


• Conservation and sustainability in the deep sea


• Invertebrate life histories, dispersal, demography, and evolution

Research

She joined North Carolina State University as an assistant professor in 1983. Levin then moved to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in 1992 as an associate professor. In the mid-1990s she became interested in deep-sea environments, including methane seeps and oxygen minimum zones. These are the regions of ocean that were deprived of oxygen – between 200 and 1,000 metres deep with less than 90% of the surface oxygen. Her work also considers the structure of vulnerable ecosystems, wetland biotic interactions and larval ecology of coastal marine populations. She has worked extensively in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans using a range of deep-sea equipment including submersibles and remotely operated underwater vehicles. She has participated in over 45 oceanographic expeditions. She monitored cold seep sediments, checking the interaction of fauna with flow and reporting the first review of the different size groups of organisms.

Together with her students, Levin has worked with a broad range of taxa, from microbes and microalgae to invertebrates, fishes and whales. Her recent research has emphasized 3 major themes:

the structure, function and vulnerability of continental margin ecosystems, particularly those subject to oxygen and sulphide stress, ocean acidification and ocean deoxygenation

wetland biotic interactions as they mediate marsh function, invasion and restoration

larval ecology of coastal marine populations with emphasis on connectivity.

She served on the San Diego Wetlands Advisory Board. She was an editor of the journal Marine Ecology and founding editorial board member of the Annual Review of Marine Science.

In 2011 she was made the director of the Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, which she led for six years. She was made the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Anton Bruun Memorial Lecturer. She gave the Sverdrup Lecture at the 2012 American Geophysical Union Meeting. She was made a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union in 2013. She co-founded the Deep-Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI) in 2013, a group that seeks to integrate science, technology, policy, law and economics to advise on the management of resource use in the deep ocean in order to maintain the integrity of deep-ocean ecosystems.In 2017 she became co-lead of the Deep Ocean Observing Strategy (DOOS), which outlines the requirements for future deep ocean observations. In 2016 she spoke at the 2016 United Nations Climate Change Conference. She is interested in the  environmental and ethical challenges of mining the deep sea for metals and contributed as lead author to a High Level Panel Report on Ocean-based renewable energy and deep seabed minerals in a sustainable future.    

Publications

2021

• Herzog, T., Mehring, A., Hatt, B., Ambrose, R., Levin, L., & Winfrey, B. (2021). Pruning stormwater biofilter vegetation influences water quality improvement differently in Carex appressa and Ficinia nodosa. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 59(127004). doi: 10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127004


• Ashford, O. S., Guan, S. Z., Capone, D., Rigney, K., Rowley, K., Orphan, V., ... Levin, L. A. (2021). A chemosynthetic ecotone — "chemotone" — in the sediments surrounding deep-sea methane seeps. Limnology and Oceanography. doi: 10.1002/lno.11713


• Sampaio, E., Santos, C., Rosa, I. C., Ferreira, V., Portner, H. O., Duarte, C. M., ... Rosa, R. (2021). Impacts of hypoxic events surpass those of future ocean warming and acidification. Nature Ecology & Evolution. doi: 10.1038/s41559-020-01370-3

2020

• Howell, K. L., Hilario, A., Allcock, A. L., Bailey, D. M., Baker, M., Clark, M. R., ... Xavier, J. R. (2020). A blueprint for an inclusive, global deep-sea ocean decade field program. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7(584861). doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.584861


• Pierce, G., Gmoser-Daskalakis, K., Jessup, K., Grant, S. B., Mehring, A., Winfrey, B., ... Levin, L. (2020). University stormwater management within urban environmental regulatory regimes: Barriers to progressivity or opportunities to innovate?. Environmental Management. doi: 10.1007/s00267-020-01377-3


• Parnell, P. E., Levin, L. A., & Navarro, M. O. (2020). Gauging oxygen risk and tolerance for the megafauna of the Southern California shelf based on in situ observation, species mobility, and seascape. Ices Journal of Marine Science, 77(5), 1941-1952. doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsaa088


• Gallo, N. D., Hardy, K., Wegner, N. C., Nicoll, A., Yang, H., & Levin, L. A. (2020). Characterizing deepwater oxygen variability and seafloor community responses using a novel autonomous lander. Biogeosciences, 17(14), 3943-3960. doi: 10.5194/bg-17-3943-2020


• Levin, L. A., Amon, D. J., & Lily, H. (2020). Challenges to the sustainability of deep-seabed mining. Nature Sustainability. doi: 10.1038/s41893-020-0558-x


• Levin, L. A., Wei, C. L., Dunn, D. C., Amon, D. J., Ashford, O. S., Cheung, W. W. L., ... Yasuhara, M. (2020). Climate change considerations are fundamental to management of deep-sea resource extraction. Global Change Biology. doi: 10.1111/gcb.15223


• Tunnicliffe, V., Metaxas, A., Le, J., Ramirez-Llodra, E., & Levin, L. A. (2020). Strategic environmental goals and objectives: Setting the basis for environmental regulation of deep seabed mining. Marine Policy, 114(103347). doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2018.11.010


• Goffredi, S. K., Tilic, E., Mullin, S. W., Dawson, K. S., Keller, A., Lee, R. W., ... Orphan, V. J. (2020). Methanotrophic bacterial symbionts fuel dense populations of deep-sea feather duster worms (Sabellida, Annelida) and extend the spatial influence of methane seepage. Science Advances, 6(14). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aay8562


• Gallo, N. D., Beckwith, M., Wei, C. L., Levin, L. A., Kuhnz, L., & Barry, J. P. (2020). Dissolved oxygen and temperature best predict deep-sea fish community structure in the Gulf o California with climate change implications. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 637, 159-180. doi: 10.3354/meps13240


• Morato, T., Gonzalez-Irusta, J. M., Dominguez-Carrio, C., Wei, C. L., Davies, A., Sweetman, A. K., ... Carreiro-Silva, M. (2020). Climate-induced changes in the suitable habitat of cold-water corals and commercially important deep-sea fishes in the North Atlantic. Global Change Biology. doi: 10.1111/gcb.14996


• Danovaro, R., Fanelli, E., Aguzzi, J., Billett, D., Carugati, L., Corinaldesi, C., ... Yasuhara, M. (2020). Ecological variables for developing a global deep-ocean monitoring and conservation strategy. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 4(2), 181-+. doi: 10.1038/s41559-019-1091-z


• Haugan, P.M., L.A. Levin, D. Amon, M. Hemer, H. Lily and F.G. Nielsen. 2020. What Role for Ocean-Based Renewable Energy and Deep Seabed Minerals in a Sustainable Future? Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. www.oceanpanel.org/blue-papers/ocean-energy-and-mineral-sources.

2019

• Ge, B. M., Mehring, A. S., & Levin, L. A. (2019). Urbanization alters belowground invertebrate community structure in semi-arid regions: A comparison of lawns, biofilters and sage scrub. Landscape and Urban Planning, 192(103664). doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.103664


• Garcon, V., Karstensen, J., Palacz, A., Telszewski, M., Lara, T. A., Breitburg, D., ... Weng, K. (2019). Multidisciplinary observing in the world ocean's oxygen minimum zone regions: From climate to fish - The VOICE Initiative. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6(722). doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00722


• Gracia, A., Levin, L. A., & Zea, S. (2019). Meio-epifaunal wood colonization in the vicinity of methane seeps. Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective.(e12573). doi: 10.1111/maec.12573


• Bortolus, A., Adam, P., Adams, J. B., Ainouche, M. L., Ayres, D., Bertness, M. D., ... Weis, J. S. (2019). Supporting Spartina: Interdisciplinary perspective shows Spartina as a distinct solid genus. Ecology. doi: 10.1002/ecy.2863


• Lu, W. H., Cusack, C., Baker, M., Wang, T., Chen, M. B., Paige, K., ... Yang, Y. F. (2019). Successful blue economy examples with an emphasis on international perspectives. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6(261). doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00261


• Levin, L. A., Bett, B. J., Gates, A. R., Heimbach, P., Howe, B. M., Janssen, F., ... Weller, R. A. (2019). Global observing needs in the deep ocean. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6(241). doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00241


• McCormick, L. R., Levin, L. A., & Oesch, N. W. (2019). Vision is highly sensitive to oxygen availability in marine invertebrate larvae. Journal of Experimental Biology, 222(10). doi: 10.1242/jeb.200899

2018

• Neira, C., Ingels, J., Mendoza, G., Hernandez-Lopez, E., & Levin, L. A. (2018). Distribution of meiofauna in bathyal sediments influenced by the oxygen minimum zone off Costa Rica. Frontiers in Marine Science, 5(448). doi: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00448


• Sato, K. N., Andersson, A. J., Day, J. M. D., Taylor, J. R. A., Frank, M. B., Jung, J. Y., ... Levin, L. A. (2018). Response of sea urchin fitness traits to environmental gradients across the Southern California oxygen minimum zone. Frontiers in Marine Science, 5(258). doi: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00258


• Navarro, M. O., Parnell, P. E., & Levin, L. A. (2018). ESSENTIAL MARKET SQUID (DORYTEUTHIS OPALESCENS) EMBRYO HABITAT: A BASELINE FOR ANTICIPATED OCEAN CLIMATE CHANGE. Journal of Shellfish Research, 37(3), 601-614. doi: 10.2983/035.037.0313


• Dunn, D. C., Van Dover, C. L., Etter, R. J., Smith, C. R., Levin, L. A., Morato, T., ... Participants, S. W. (2018). A strategy for the conservation of biodiversity on mid-ocean ridges from deep-sea mining. Science Advances, 4(7). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aar4313


• Sato, K. N., Powell, J., Rudie, D., & Levin, L. A. (2018). Evaluating the promise and pitfalls of a potential climate change-tolerant sea urchin fishery in southern California. Ices Journal of Marine Science, 75(3), 1029-1041. doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsx225


• Niner, H. J., Ardron, J. A., Escobar, E. G., Gianni, M., Jaeckel, A., Jones, D. O. B., ... Gjerde, K. M. (2018). Deep-sea mining with no net loss of biodiversity-an impossible aim. Frontiers in Marine Science, 5(53). doi: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00053


• Mullineaux, L. S., Metaxas, A., Beaulieu, S. E., Bright, M., Gollner, S., Grupe, B. M., ... Won, Y. J. (2018). Exploring the ecology of deep-sea hydrothermal vents in a metacommunity framework. Frontiers in Marine Science, 5(49). doi: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00049


• Breitburg, D., Levin, L. A., Oschlies, A., Grégoire, M., Chavez, F. P., Conley, D. J., ... Zhang, J. (2018). Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters. Science, 359. doi: 10.1126/science.aam7240


• Neira, C., Vales, M., Mendoza, G., Hoh, E., & Levin, L. A. (2018). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in recreational marina sediments of San Diego Bay, southern California. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 126, 204-214. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.096

2017

• Gallo, N. D., Victor, D. G., & Levin, L. A. (2017). Ocean commitments under the Paris Agreement. Nature Climate Change, 7(11), 833-+. doi: 10.1038/nclimate3422


• McCormick, L. R., & Levin, L. A. (2017). Physiological and ecological implications of ocean deoxygenation for vision in marine organisms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society a-Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, 375(2102). doi: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0322


• Parker, E. A., Rippy, M. A., Mehring, A. S., Winfrey, B. K., Ambrose, R. F., Levin, L. A., & Grant, S. B. (2017). Predictive power of clean bed filtration theory for fecal indicator bacteria removal in stormwater biofilters. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(10), 5703-5712. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00752


• Hansman, R. L., Thurber, A. R., Levin, L. A., & Aluwihare, L. I. (2017). Methane fates in the benthos and water column at cold seep sites along the continental margin of Central and North America. Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers, 120, 122-131. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2016.12.016


• Sweetman, A. K., Thurber, A. R., Smith, C. R., Levin, L. A., Mora, C., Wei, C. L., ... Roberts, J. M. (2017). Major impacts of climate change on deep-sea benthic ecosystems. Elementa-Science of the Anthropocene, 5(4), 1-23. doi: 10.1525/elementa.203


• Pasulka, A. L., Goffredi, S. K., Tavormina, P. L., Dawson, K. S., Levin, L. A., Rouse, G. W., & Orphan, V. J. (2017). Colonial tube-dwelling ciliates influence methane cycling and microbial diversity within methane seep ecosystems. Frontiers in Marine Science, 3(276). doi: 10.3389/fmars.2016.00276


• Neira, C., Cossaboon, J., Mendoza, G., Hoh, E., & Levin, L. A. (2017). Occurrence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of San Diego Bay marinas. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 114(1), 466-479. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.009

2016

• Navarro, M. O., Kwan, G. T., Batalov, O., Choi, C. Y., Pierce, N. T., & Levin, L. A. (2016). Development of embryonic market squid, Doryteuthis opalescens, under chronic exposure to low environmental pH and O-2. Plos One, 11(12). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167461


• Mehring, A. S., Hatt, B. E., Kraikittikun, D., Orelo, B. D., Rippy, M. A., Grant, S. B., ... Levin, L. A. (2016). Soil invertebrates in Australian rain gardens and their potential roles in storage and processing of nitrogen. Ecological Engineering, 97, 138-143. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.09.005


• Levin, L. A., Mengerink, K., Gjerde, K. M., Rowden, A. A., Van Dover, C. L., Clark, M. R., ... Brider, J. (2016). Defining "serious harm" to the marine environment in the context of deep-seabed mining. Marine Policy, 74, 245-259. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2016.09.032


• Burkett, A. M., Rathburn, A. E., Perez, M. E., Levin, L. A., & Martin, J. B. (2016). Colonization of over a thousand Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (foraminifera: Schwager, 1866) on artificial substrates in seep and adjacent off-seep locations in dysoxic, deep-sea environments. Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers, 117, 39-50. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2016.08.011


• Pasulka, A. L., Levin, L. A., Steele, J. A., Case, D. H., Landry, M. R., & Orphan, V. J. (2016). Microbial eukaryotic distributions and diversity patterns in a deep-sea methane seep ecosystem. Environmental Microbiology, 18(9), 3022-3043. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.13185


• Levin, L. A., Baco, A. R., Bowden, D. A., Colaco, A., Cordes, E. E., Cunha, M. R., ... Watling, L. (2016). Hydrothermal vents and methane seeps: Rethinking the sphere of influence. Frontiers in Marine Science, 3(72). doi: 10.3389/fmars.2016.00072


• Sperling, E. A., Frieder, C. A., & Levin, L. A. (2016). Biodiversity response to natural gradients of multiple stressors on continental margins. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 283(1829). doi: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0637


• Moseman-Valtierra, S., Levin, L. A., & Martin, R. M. (2016). Anthropogenic impacts on nitrogen fixation rates between restored and natural Mediterranean salt marshes. Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective, 37(2), 370-379. doi: 10.1111/maec.12289


• Gallo, N. D., & Levin, L. A. (2016). Fish ecology and evolution in the world's oxygen minimum zones and implications of ocean deoxygenation. Advances in Marine Biology, Vol 74 (pp. 117-198). San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press Inc. doi: 10.1016/bs.amb.2016.04.001

2015

• Neira, C., Mendoza, G., Porrachia, M., Stransky, C., & Levin, L. A. (2015). Macrofaunal recolonization of copper-contaminated sediments in San Diego Bay. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 101(2), 794-804. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.023


• Mehring, A. S., & Levin, L. A. (2015). Potential roles of soil fauna in improving the efficiency of rain gardens used as natural stormwater treatment systems. Journal of Applied Ecology, 52(6), 1445-1454. doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12525


• Levin, L. A., & Le Bris, N. (2015). The deep ocean under climate change. Science, 350(6262), 766-768. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0126


• Case, D. H., Pasulka, A. L., Marlow, J. J., Grupe, B. M., Levin, L. A., & Orphan, V. J. (2015). Methane seep carbonates host distinct, diverse, and dynamic microbial assemblages. Mbio, 6(6). doi: 10.1128/mBio.01348-15


• Askarizadeh, A., Rippy, M. A., Fletcher, T. D., Feldman, D. L., Peng, J., Bowler, P., ... Grant, S. B. (2015). From rain tanks to catchments: Use of low-impact development to address hydrologic symptoms of the urban stream syndrome. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(19), 11264-11280. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01635


• Nordstrom, M. C., Demopoulos, A. W. J., Whitcraft, C. R., Rismondo, A., McMillan, P., Gonzalez, J. P., & Levin, L. A. (2015). Food web heterogeneity and succession in created saltmarshes. Journal of Applied Ecology, 52(5), 1343-1354. doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12473


• Raman, A. V., Damodaran, R., Levin, L. A., Ganesh, T., Rao, Y. K. V., Nanduri, S., & Madhusoodhanan, R. (2015). Macrobenthos relative to the oxygen minimum zone on the East Indian margin, Bay of Bengal. Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective, 36(3), 679-700. doi: 10.1111/maec.12176


• Grupe, B. M., Krach, M. L., Pasulka, A. L., Maloney, J. M., Levin, L. A., & Frieder, C. A. (2015). Methane seep ecosystem functions and services from a recently discovered southern California seep. Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective, 36, 91-108. doi: 10.1111/maec.12243


• Ramirez-Llodra, E., Trannum, H. C., Evenset, A., Levin, L. A., Andersson, M., Finne, T. E., ... Vanreusel, A. (2015). Submarine and deep-sea mine tailing placements: A review of current practices, environmental issues, natural analogs and knowledge gaps in Norway and internationally. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 97(1-2), 13-35. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.05.062


• Levin, L. A., Mendoza, G. F., Grupe, B. M., Gonzalez, J. P., Jellison, B., Rouse, G., ... Waren, A. (2015). Biodiversity on the rocks: Macrofauna inhabiting authigenic carbonate at Costa Rica methane seeps. PLoS ONE, 10(7), e0131080. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131080


• Breitburg, D. L., Salisbury, J., Bernhard, J. M., Cai, W. J., Dupont, S., Doney, S. C., ... Tarrant, A. M. (2015). And on top of all that... Coping with ocean acidification in the midst of many stressors. Oceanography, 28(2), 48-61. doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2015.31


• Levin, L. A., Honisch, B., & Frieder, C. A. (2015). Geochemical proxies for estimating faunal exposure to ocean acidification. Oceanography, 28(2), 62-73. doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2015.32


• Maloney, J. M., Grupe, B. M., Pasulka, A. L., Dawson, K. S., Case, D. H., Frieder, C. A., ... Driscoll, N. W. (2015). Transpressional segment boundaries in strike-slip fault systems offshore southern California: Implications for fluid expulsion and cold seep habitats. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(10), 4080-4088. doi: 10.1002/2015gl063778


• Gallo, N. D., Cameron, J., Hardy, K., Fryer, P., Bartlett, D. H., & Levin, L. A. (2015). Submersible- and lander-observed community patterns in the Mariana and New Britain trenches: Influence of productivity and depth on epibenthic and scavenging communities. Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers, 99, 119-133. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2014.12.012


• Burkett, A. M., Rathburn, A. E., Perez, M. E., Levin, L. A., Cha, H., & Rouse, G. W. (2015). Phylogenetic placement of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (Schwager, 1866) from methane seeps and non-seep habitats on the Pacific margin. Geobiology, 13(1), 44-52. doi: 10.1111/gbi.12118


• Levin, L. A., Liu, K. K., Emeis, K. C., Breitburg, D. L., Cloern, J., Deutsch, C., ... Wishner, K. F. (2015). Comparative biogeochemistry-ecosystem-human interactions on dynamic continental margins. Journal of Marine Systems, 141, 3-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.04.016

2014

• Marlow, J. J., Steele, J. A., Ziebis, W., Thurber, A. R., Levin, L. A., & Orphan, V. J. (2014). Carbonate-hosted methanotrophy represents an unrecognized methane sink in the deep sea. Nature Communications, 5(5094). doi: 10.1038/ncomms6094


• Navarro, M. O., Bockmon, E. E., Frieder, C. A., Gonzalez, J. P., & Levin, L. A. (2014). Environmental pH, O-2 and capsular effects on the geochemical composition of statoliths of embryonic squid Doryteuthis opalescens. Water, 6(8), 2233-2254. doi: 10.3390/w6082233


• Cook, G. S., Parnell, P. E., & Levin, L. A. (2014). Population connectivity shifts at high frequency within an open-coast marine protected area network. Plos One, 9(7). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103654


• Larkin, K. E., Gooday, A. J., Woulds, C., Jeffreys, R. M., Schwartz, M., Cowie, G., ... Pond, D. W. (2014). Uptake of algal carbon and the likely synthesis of an "essential" fatty acid by Uvigerina ex. gr. semiornata (Foraminifera) within the Pakistan margin oxygen minimum zone: evidence from fatty acid biomarker and C-13 tracer experiments. Biogeosciences, 11(14), 3729-3738. doi: 10.5194/bg-11-3729-2014


• Frieder, C. A., Gonzalez, J. P., & Levin, L. A. (2014). Uranium in larval shells as a barometer of molluscan ocean acidification exposure. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(11), 6401-6408. doi: 10.1021/es500514j


• Zapata-Hernandez, G., Sellanes, J., Thurber, A. R., & Levin, L. A. (2014). Trophic structure of the bathyal benthos at an area with evidence of methane seep activity off southern Chile (similar to 45 degrees S). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 94(4), 659-669. doi: 10.1017/s0025315413001914


• Nordstrom, M. C., Currin, C. A., Talley, T. S., Whitcraft, C. R., & Levin, L. A. (2014). Benthic food-web succession in a developing salt marsh. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 500, 43-U69. doi: 10.3354/meps10686


• Neira, C., Levin, L. A., Mendoza, G., & Zirino, A. (2014). Alteration of benthic communities associated with copper contamination linked to boat moorings. Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective, 35(1), 46-66. doi: 10.1111/maec.12054


• Zapata-Hernandez, G., Sellanes, J., Thurber, A. R., Levin, L. A., Chazalon, F., & Linke, P. (2014). New insights on the trophic ecology of bathyal communities from the methane seep area off Concepcion, Chile (similar to 36 degrees S). Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective, 35(1), 1-21. doi: 10.1111/maec.12051


• Frieder, C. A., Gonzalez, J. P., Bockmon, E. E., Navarro, M. O., & Levin, L. A. (2014). Can variable pH and low oxygen moderate ocean acidification outcomes for mussel larvae?. Global Change Biology, 20(3), 754-764. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12485


• Sapir, A., Dillman, A. R., Connon, S. A., Grupe, B. M., Ingels, J., Mundo-Ocampo, M., ... Sternberg, P. W. (2014). Microsporidia-nematode associations in methane seeps reveal basal fungal parasitism in the deep sea. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5(43). doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00043


• Zirino, A., Elwany, H., Neira, C., Maicu, F., Mendoza, G., & Levin, L. A. (2014). Salinity and its variability in the Lagoon of Venice, 2000–2009. Advances in Oceanography and Limnology, 5(1), 41-59. doi: 10.1080/19475721.2014.900113

2013

• Levin, L. A., McGregor, A. L., Mendoza, G. F., Woulds, C., Cross, P., Witte, U., ... Kitazato, H. (2013). Macrofaunal colonization across the Indian margin oxygen minimum zone. Biogeosciences, 10(11), 7161-7177. doi: 10.5194/bg-10-7161-2013


• Bowden, D. A., Rowden, A. A., Thurber, A. R., Baco, A. R., Levin, L. A., & Smith, C. R. (2013). Cold seep epifaunal communities on the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand: Composition, succession, and vulnerability to human activities. Plos One, 8(10). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076869


• Mora, C., Wei, C. L., Rollo, A., Amaro, T., Baco, A. R., Billett, D., ... Yasuhara, M. (2013). Biotic and human vulnerability to projected changes in ocean biogeochemistry over the 21st century. Plos Biology, 11(10). doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001682


• Thurber, A. R., Levin, L. A., Rowden, A. A., Sommer, S., Linke, P., & Kroger, K. (2013). Microbes, macrofauna, and methane: A novel seep community fueled by aerobic methanotrophy. Limnology and Oceanography, 58(5), 1640-1656. doi: 10.4319/lo.2013.58.5.1640


• Sperling, E. A., Frieder, C. A., Raman, A. V., Girguis, P. R., Levin, L. A., & Knoll, A. H. (2013). Oxygen, ecology, and the Cambrian radiation of animals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(33), 13446-13451. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1312778110


• Levin, L. A., Ziebis, W., Mendoza, G. F., Bertics, V. J., Washington, T., Gonzalez, J., ... Lee, R. W. (2013). Ecological release and niche partitioning under stress: Lessons from dorvilleid polychaetes in sulfidic sediments at methane seeps. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 92, 214-233. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.02.006


• Neira, C., King, I., Mendoza, G., Sellanes, J., De Ley, P., & Levin, L. A. (2013). Nematode community structure along a central Chile margin transect influenced by the oxygen minimum zone. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 78, 1-15. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2013.04.002


• Zirino, A., Neira, C., Maicu, F., & Levin, L. A. (2013). Comments on and implications of a steady-state in coastal marine ecosystems. Chemistry & Ecology, 29(1), 86-99. doi: 10.1080/02757540.2012.696613


• AK, S., LA, L., HT, R., & C, S. (2013). Faunal trophic structure at hydrothermal vents on the southern Mohn’s Ridge, Arctic Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 473, 115-131. doi: 10.3354/meps10050

2012

• Jeffreys, R. M., Levin, L. A., Lamont, P. A., Woulds, C., Whitcraft, C. R., Mendoza, G. F., ... Cowie, G. L. (2012). Living on the edge: single-species dominance at the Pakistan oxygen minimum zone boundary. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 470, 79-99. doi: 10.3354/meps10019


• López-Duarte, P. C., Carson, H. S., Cook, G. S., Fodrie, F. J., Becker, B. J., DiBacco, C., & Levin, L. A. (2012). What controls connectivity? An empirical, multi-species approach. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 52(4), 511-524. doi: 10.1093/icb/ics104


• Grant, S. B., Saphores, J. D., Feldman, D. L., Hamilton, A. J., Fletcher, T. D., Cook, P. L. M., ... Marusic, I. (2012). Taking the "Waste" Out of "Wastewater" for Human Water Security and Ecosystem Sustainability. Science, 337(6095), 681-686. doi: 10.1126/science.1216852


• Thornhill, D. J., Struck, T. H., Ebbe, B., Lee, R. W., Mendoza, G. F., Levin, L. A., & Halanych, K. M. (2012). Adaptive radiation in extremophilic Dorvilleidae (Annelida): diversification of a single colonizer or multiple independent lineages?. Ecology and Evolution, 2(8), 1958-1970. doi: 10.1002/ece3.314


• Thurber, A. R., Levin, L. A., Orphan, V. J., & Marlow, J. J. (2012). Archaea in metazoan diets: implications for food webs and biogeochemical cycling. ISME Journal, 6(8), 1602-1612. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2012.16


• Levin, L. A., Orphan, V. J., Rouse, G. W., Rathburn, A. E., Ussler, W., Cook, G. S., ... Strickrott, B. (2012). A hydrothermal seep on the Costa Rica margin: middle ground in a continuum of reducing ecosystems. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 279(1738), 2580-2588. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2012.0205


• Hartmann, A. C., & Levin, L. A. (2012). Conservation concerns in the deep. Science, 336(6082), 668-669.


• Guilini, K., Levin, L. A., & Vanreusel, A. (2012). Cold seep and oxygen minimum zone associated sources of margin heterogeneity affect benthic assemblages, diversity and nutrition at the Cascadian margin (NE Pacific Ocean). Progress in Oceanography, 96(1), 77-92. doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2011.10.003


• Bernardino, A. F., Levin, L. A., Thurber, A. R., & Smith, C. R. (2012). Comparative composition, diversity and trophic ecology of sediment macrofauna at vents, seeps and organic falls. Plos One, 7(4). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033515


• Van Dover, C. L., Smith, C. R., Ardron, J., Dunn, D., Gjerde, K., Levin, L., ... Dinard Workshop, C. (2012). Designating networks of chemosynthetic ecosystem reserves in the deep sea. Marine Policy, 36(2), 378-381. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2011.07.002


• Frieder, C. A., Nam, S. H., Martz, T. R., & Levin, L. A. (2012). High temporal and spatial variability of dissolved oxygen and pH in a nearshore California kelp forest. Biogeosciences, 9(10), 3917-3930. doi: 10.5194/bg-9-3917-2012


• Hunter, W. R., Levin, L. A., Kitazato, H., & Witte, U. (2012). Macrobenthic assemblage structure and organismal stoichiometry control faunal processing of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen in oxygen minimum zone sediments. Biogeosciences, 9(3), 993-1006. doi: 10.5194/bg-9-993-2012


• Levin, L. A., & Sibuet, M. (2012). Understanding Continental Margin Biodiversity: A New Imperative. Annual Review of Marine Science, Vol 4 (pp. 79-+). Palo Alto: Annual Reviews. doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142714

2011

• Bailey, J. V., Salman, V., Rouse, G. W., Schulz-Vogt, H. N., Levin, L. A., & Orphan, V. J. (2011). Dimorphism in methane seep-dwelling ecotypes of the largest known bacteria. ISME Journal, 5(12), 1926-1935. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2011.66


• Hofmann, G. E., Smith, J. E., Johnson, K. S., Send, U., Levin, L. A., Micheli, F., ... Martz, T. R. (2011). High-frequency dynamics of ocean pH: a multi-ecosystem comparison. Plos One, 6(12). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028983


• Carson, H. S., Cook, G. S., Lopez-Duarte, P. C., & Levin, L. A. (2011). Evaluating the importance of demographic connectivity in a marine metapopulation. Ecology, 92(10), 1972-1984.


• Ramirez-Llodra, E., Tyler, P. A., Baker, M. C., Bergstad, O. A., Clark, M. R., Escobar, E., ... Van Dover, C. L. (2011). Man and the last great wilderness: human impact on the deep sea. Plos One, 6(8). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022588


• Neira, C., Mendoza, G., Levin, L. A., Zirino, A., Delgadillo-Hinojosa, F., Porrachia, M., & Deheyn, D. D. (2011). Macrobenthic community response to copper in Shelter Island Yacht Basin, San Diego Bay, California. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(4), 701-717. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.01.027


• Fodrie, F. J., Becker, B. J., Levin, L. A., Gruenthal, K., & McMillan, P. A. (2011). Connectivity clues from short-term variability in settlement and geochemical tags of mytilid mussels. Journal of Sea Research, 65(1), 141-150. doi: 10.1016/j.seares.2010.09.001


• Levin, L. A., & Crooks, J. (2011). Functional consequences of invasive species in coastal and estuarine systems. Treatise on estuarine and coastal science, vol 7, Functioning of ecosystems at the land-ocean interface, 17-51.


• Currin, C. A., Levin, L. A., Talley, T. S., Michener, R., & Talley, D. (2011). The role of cyanobacteria in Southern California salt marsh food webs. Marine Ecology, 32(3), 346-363. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0485.2011.00476.x

2010

• Carson, H. S., Lopez-Duarte, P. C., Rasmussen, L., Wang, D. X., & Levin, L. A. (2010). Reproductive timing alters population connectivity in marine metapopulations. Current Biology, 20(21), 1926-1931. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2010.09.057


• Moseman-Valtierra, S. M., Armaiz-Nolla, K., & Levin, L. A. (2010). Wetland response to sedimentation and nitrogen loading: diversification and inhibition of nitrogen-fixing microbes. Ecological Applications, 20(6), 1556-1568. doi: 10.1890/08-1881.1


• Thurber, A. R., Kroger, K., Neira, C., Wiklund, H., & Levin, L. A. (2010). Stable isotope signatures and methane use by New Zealand cold seep benthos. Marine Geology, 272(1-4), 260-269. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.06.001


• Baco, A. R., Rowden, A. A., Levin, L. A., Smith, C. R., & Bowden, D. A. (2010). Initial characterization of cold seep faunal communities on the New Zealand Hikurangi margin. Marine Geology, 272(1-4), 251-259. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.06.015


• Stramma, L., Schmidtko, S., Levin, L. A., & Johnson, G. C. (2010). Ocean oxygen minima expansions and their biological impacts. Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers, 57(4), 587-595. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.01.005


• Cordes, E. E., Cunha, M. R., Galeron, J., Mora, C., Olu-Le Roy, K., Sibuet, M., ... Levin, L. A. (2010). The influence of geological, geochemical, and biogenic habitat heterogeneity on seep biodiversity. Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective, 31(1), 51-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0485.2009.00334.x


• Buhl-Mortensen, L., Vanreusel, A., Gooday, A. J., Levin, L. A., Priede, I. G., Buhl-Mortensen, P., ... Raes, M. (2010). Biological structures as a source of habitat heterogeneity and biodiversity on the deep ocean margins. Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective, 31(1), 21-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0485.2010.00359.x


• Levin, L. A., Mendoza, G. F., Gonzalez, J. P., Thurber, A. R., & Cordes, E. E. (2010). Diversity of bathyal macrofauna on the northeastern Pacific margin: the influence of methane seeps and oxygen minimum zones. Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective, 31(1), 94-110. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0485.2009.00335.x


• Gooday, A. J., Bett, B. J., Escobar, E., Ingole, B., Levin, L. A., Neira, C., ... Sellanes, J. (2010). Habitat heterogeneity and its influence on benthic biodiversity in oxygen minimum zones. Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective, 31(1), 125-147. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0485.2009.00348.x


• Rabalais, N. N., Diaz, R. J., Levin, L. A., Turner, R. E., Gilbert, D., & Zhang, J. (2010). Dynamics and distribution of natural and human-caused hypoxia. Biogeosciences, 7(2), 585-619.


• Zhang, J., Gilbert, D., Gooday, A. J., Levin, L., Naqvi, S. W. A., Middelburg, J. J., ... Dewitte, B. (2010). Natural and human-induced hypoxia and consequences for coastal areas: synthesis and future development. Biogeosciences, 7(5), 1443-1467.


• Schander, C., Rapp, H. T., Kongsrud, J. A., Bakken, T., Berge, J., Cochrane, S., ... Pedersen, R. B. (2010). The fauna of hydrothermal vents on the Mohn Ridge (North Atlantic) *. Marine Biology Research, 6(2), 155-171. doi: 10.1080/17451000903147450


• Ramirez-Llodra, E., Brandt, A., Danovaro, R., De Mol, B., Escobar, E., German, C. R., ... Vecchione, M. (2010). Deep, diverse and definitely different: unique attributes of the world's largest ecosystem. Biogeosciences, 7(9), 2851-2899. doi: 10.5194/bg-7-2851-2010

2009

• Fodrie, F. J., Levin, L. A., & Rathburn, A. E. (2009). High densities and depth-associated changes of epibenthic megafauna along the Aleutian margin from 2000-4200 m. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89(8), 1517-1527. doi: 10.1017/s0025315409000903


• Levin, L. A., & Dayton, P. K. (2009). Ecological theory and continental margins: where shallow meets deep. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 24(11), 606-617. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2009.04.012


• Levin, L. A., Mendoza, G. F., Konotchick, T., & Lee, R. (2009). Macrobenthos community structure and trophic relationships within active and inactive Pacific hydrothermal sediments. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(19-20), 1632-1648. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.010


• Levin, L. A., Whitcraft, C. R., Mendoza, G. F., Gonzalez, J. P., & Cowie, G. (2009). Oxygen and organic matter thresholds for benthic faunal activity on the Pakistan margin oxygen minimum zone (700-1100 m). Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(6-7), 449-471. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.05.032


• Cowie, G. L., & Levin, L. A. (2009). Benthic biological and biogeochemical patterns and processes across an oxygen minimum zone (Pakistan margin, NE Arabian Sea). Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(6-7), 261-270. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.10.001


• Hughes, D. J., Lamont, P. A., Levin, L. A., Packer, M., Feeley, K., & Gage, J. D. (2009). Macrofaunal communities and sediment structure across the Pakistan margin Oxygen Minimum Zone, North-East Arabian Sea. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(6-7), 434-448. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.05.030


• Basak, C., Rathburn, A. E., Perez, M. E., Martin, J. B., Kluesner, J. W., Levin, L. A., ... Abriani, M. (2009). Carbon and oxygen isotope geochemistry of live (stained) benthic foraminifera from the Aleutian Margin and the Southern Australian Margin. Marine Micropaleontology, 70(3-4), 89-101. doi: 10.1016/j.marmicro.2008.11.002


• Gooday, A. J., Levin, L. A., da Silva, A. A., Bett, B. J., Cowie, G. L., Dissard, D., ... Woulds, C. (2009). Faunal responses to oxygen gradients on the Pakistan margin: A comparison of foraminiferans, macrofauna and megafauna. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(6-7), 488-502. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.10.003


• Moseman, S. M., Zhang, R., Qian, P. Y., & Levin, L. A. (2009). Diversity and functional responses of nitrogen-fixing microbes to three wetland invasions. Biological Invasions, 11(2), 225-239. doi: 10.1007/s10530-008-9227-0


• Rasmussen, L. L., Cornuelle, B. D., Levin, L. A., Largier, J. L., & Di Lorenzo, E. (2009). Effects of small-scale features and local wind forcing on tracer dispersion and estimates of population connectivity in a regional scale circulation model. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 114(C01012). doi: 10.1029/2008jc004777


• Rathburn, A. E., Levin, L. A., Tryon, M., Gieskes, J. M., Martin, J. M., Perez, M. E., ... Ziebis, W. (2009). Geological and biological heterogeneity of the Aleutian margin (1965-4822 m). Progress in Oceanography, 80(1-2), 22-50. doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2008.12.002


• Grosholz, E. D., Levin, L. A., Tyler, A. C., & Neira, C. (2009). Changes in community structure and ecosystem function following Spartina alterniflora invasion of Pacific estuaries. Human impacts on salt marshes : a global perspective (pp. 23-40). Berkeley: University of California Press.


• Middelburg, J. J., & Levin, L. A. (2009). Coastal hypoxia and sediment biogeochemistry. Biogeosciences, 6(7), 1273-1293.


• Gooday, A. J., Jorissen, F., Levin, L. A., Middelburg, J. J., Naqvi, S. W. A., Rabalais, N. N., ... Zhang, J. (2009). Historical records of coastal eutrophication-induced hypoxia. Biogeosciences, 6(8), 1707-1745. doi: 10.5194/bg-6-1707-2009


• Levin, L. A., Ekau, W., Gooday, A. J., Jorissen, F., Middelburg, J. J., Naqvi, S. W. A., ... Zhang, J. (2009). Effects of natural and human-induced hypoxia on coastal benthos. Biogeosciences, 6(10), 2063-2098. doi: 10.5194/bg-6-2063-2009


• Fodrie, F. J., Levin, L. A., & Lucas, A. J. (2009). Use of population fitness to evaluate the nursery function of juvenile habitats. Marine Ecology-Progress Series, 385, 39-49. doi: 10.3354/meps08069


• Neira, C., Delgadillo-Hinojosa, F., Zirino, A., Mendoza, G., Levin, L. A., Porrachia, M., & Deheyn, D. D. (2009). Spatial distribution of copper in relation to recreational boating in a California shallow-water basin. Chemistry and Ecology, 25